Grammar : Simple Present Tense

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A.   Function / Fungsi

1.      Expression daily routine or habitual / Mengekspresikan rutinitas sehari-hari atau kebiasaan.

‘I go to campus every morning.’

‘He comes to your home every Sunday.’

2.      To describe the frequency to going something / untuk mendeskripsikan frekuensi dalam melakukan sesuatu.

‘I take abath twice a day.’

‘She drinks medicine three a day.’

3.      General Truth / Fakta atau kebenaran yang biasa.

‘The postman deliver the letter.’

‘The flag colour of Indonesia are red and white.’

‘I have mouth, I can say.’

‘The moon comes every night.’

 

B.   Formula Verbal Sentence / Rumus Kalimat Verbal

( + ) S + V1 + s/es + . . .

            V1 + s : I, You, They, We

            V1 + es : She, He, It

            ‘I call my dad every night.’

            ‘She types messages every minutes.’

            ‘Diana plays badminton twice a week.’

            ‘They knock the door every morning.’

            ‘He eat fried rice three times a day.’

( - ) S + do/does + not + V1 + . . .

            Do : I, You, They, We

Does : She, He, It

            ‘She doesn’t climb the mountain every year.’

            ‘Made doesn’t watch Korean drama every evening.’

            ‘Poppy doesn’t finish her homework everyday.’

            ‘My mother doesn’t cook every noon.’

            ‘I don’t change my hair style every month.’

( ? ) Do/Does + S + V1 + . . .

            ‘Do they return few books?’

            ‘Does she cut the scene of this movie?’

            ‘Do you know about her life?’

            ‘Do we design background of inviting card?’

            ‘Does Ratna clean our class?’

C.   Formula Nominal Sentence / Rumus kalimat Nominal

( + ) S + am/is/are + non-verb + . . .

            ‘I am fat.’

            ‘You are beautiful for me.’

            ‘She is youngest student at class.’

            ‘Naa is my hairstylist.’

            ‘Dafa is famous actor in Indonesia.’

( - ) S +am/is/are + not + non-verb + . . .

            ‘She is not ateacher.’

            ‘Gerry is not  a best guy for your solumate.’

            ‘Hera is white Asian girl.’

            ‘I am rich girl  in the village.’

            ‘You are serious person.’

( ? ) am/is/are + S + non-verb + . . .

            ‘Am in the road traffic?’

            ‘Are you believe me?’

            ‘Is she the worst composer?’

            ‘Is he talkative?’

            ‘Am I hungry at cinema?’

D.   How to add ‘S’ or ‘ES’ / bagaimana menambahkan partikel ‘S’ atau ‘ES’

1.      If before  ‘Y’ there’s consonant, change ‘Y’ by ‘I’plus add ‘ES’.

Jika sebelum’Y’ ada huruf konsonan, ganti ‘Y’ dengan ‘I’ dan ditambah ‘ES’.

a.       Study à Studies

b.       

2.      If  before ‘Y’ there’s vowel, just add ‘S’ at the end of word.

Jika sebelum ‘Y’ ada huruf vocal, hanya tambahkan ‘S’ pada akhir kata.

a.       Buy à Buys

b.      Pay à Pays

3.      If there’s the word ending by ‘S, SH, CH, O, X, Z’, always just add ‘ES’ at the end.

Jika ada kata yang berakhiran ‘S, SH, CH, O, X, Z’, selalu hanya tambahkan ‘ES’ pada akhiran.

a.       Watch à Watches

b.      Wash à Washes

c.       Pass à Passes

d.      Fix à Fixes

e.       Do à Does

4.      A word ending by all consonant except ‘S, SH, CH, O, X, Z’, always add ‘S’ at the end the word.

Suatu kata diakhiri dengan semua huruf konsonan kecuali ‘S, SH, CH, O, X, Z’, selalu tambahkan ‘S’ di akhir kata.

a.       Listen à Listens

b.      Work à Works

c.       Visit à Visits

d.      Drink à Drinks

e.       Read à Reads

f.       Speak à Speaks